Faith & Society
What we believe, how we think, and the systems we build. The foundations of every civilization start here.
Religion (100)Philosophy (60)Economics (99)
232 events
All Faith & Society Events
Qafzeh Cave: Early Symbolic Ochre Use
c. 100,000-90,000 BCE · Prehistoric
Human EvolutionReligion
First Musical Instruments: Aurignacian Bone Flutes
c. 43,000-40,000 BCE · Prehistoric
Human EvolutionArtReligion
Lion Man of Hohlenstein-Stadel: Earliest Figurative Sculpture
c. 40,000-35,000 BCE · Prehistoric
Human EvolutionArtReligion
Sungir Burial Site, Russia
32,050 to 28,550 BC · Prehistoric
CultureReligion
The Agricultural Revolution
10,000 BC · Prehistoric
BiologyEvolutionTechnology
Early Walled Settlement at Jericho
c. 9600-8000 BCE · Prehistoric
CultureAgricultureEconomics
Göbekli Tepe Megalithic Complex
c. 9600-8200 BCE · Prehistoric
CultureReligionEngineering
Early Copper Metallurgy at Gre Fılla
c. 8000 BCE · Prehistoric
TechnologyEngineeringEconomics
First Clay Token Accounting System
c. 8000-7500 BCE · Prehistoric
TechnologyLanguageMathematics
Çatalhöyük: Neolithic Settlement
c. 7500-5600 BCE · Prehistoric
AgricultureEconomics
'Ain Ghazal Statues: Neolithic Plaster Figurines
c. 6750-6500 BCE · Prehistoric
ArtCultureReligion
Halaf Pottery Innovation
c. 6500-5500 BCE · Prehistoric
ArtTechnologyCulture
Ubaid Irrigation Canals Transform Southern Mesopotamia
c. 5500 BCE · Prehistoric
AgricultureTechnologyEconomics
Sumerian Civilization Emerges
-5000 · Prehistoric
AgricultureEconomics
Oldest Known Winery Established
4100 BCE · Prehistoric
AgricultureEconomics
Emergence of Uruk: Early Mesopotamian Metropolis
c. 4000 BCE · Prehistoric
AgricultureEconomicsReligion
Norte Chico Civilization Founded
3,500 BCE · Prehistoric
AgricultureEconomics
Development of Clay Bullae Envelope Accounting
c. 3500-3300 BCE · Prehistoric
MathematicsTechnologyLanguage
Earliest Egyptian Hieroglyphic Writing
c. 3250-3200 BCE · Prehistoric
TechnologyCultureLanguage
Maya Long Count Calendar Epoch
August 11, 3114 BCE · Prehistoric
AstronomyMathematicsReligion
Beginning of Kali Yuga
3102 BCE · Prehistoric
ReligionCultureAstronomy
Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
3100 BC · Prehistoric
PoliticsEconomicsReligion
Longshan Black Pottery Innovation
c. 3000-2600 BCE · Ancient World
TechnologyCultureArt
Indus Valley Civilization
2600 BC · Ancient World
CulturePoliticsEconomics
Sacred City of Caral: Earliest Urban Center in the Americas
c. 2600-2000 BCE · Ancient World
CultureTechnologyReligion
Early Copper Metallurgy in Nubia
c. 2600-2300 BCE · Ancient World
TechnologyEngineeringEconomics
Construction of Khufu's Great Pyramid
c. 2580–2560 BCE · Ancient World
EngineeringTechnologyCulture
Great Pyramids of Giza Completed
c. 2510 BCE · Ancient World
EngineeringReligionCulture
Mohenjo Daro
2500 BC · Ancient World
CultureReligion
Kingdom of Kerma Established
c. 2400 BCE · Ancient World
PoliticsCultureEconomics
Code of Ur-Nammu: The Oldest Known Law Code
c. 2100-2050 BCE · Ancient World
CultureLawPhilosophy
Karnak Temple Construction Begins
2050 BC · Ancient World
ArtCultureReligion
First Bronze Ritual Vessels at Erlitou
c. 1850-1750 BCE · Ancient World
TechnologyCultureReligion
Construction of Western Deffufa Temple at Kerma
c. 1750 BCE · Ancient World
CultureReligionEngineering
Phaistos Disc
1700 BC · Ancient World
CultureReligion
Composition of the Rigveda
1500 BC · Ancient World
ArtCultureReligion
Olmec Great Pyramid Built at La Venta
900 BCE · Ancient World
ArtReligion
Carthage Founded
849 BC · Ancient World
PoliticsEconomics
Ancient Greek Civilization
800BC · Ancient World
CulturePoliticsEconomics
Napata Emerges as Capital of Kush
c. 800 BCE · Ancient World
PoliticsReligionCulture
First Coins Developed in Lydia
7th century BC · Ancient World
PoliticsEconomics
Laozi Born
-6th Century BC · Ancient World
ReligionPhilosophy
Kingdom of Kush Relocates Capital to Meroe
c. 590 BCE · Ancient World
PoliticsEngineeringEconomics
Nebuchadnezzar Destroys Jerusalem and the First Temple
586 BCE · Ancient World
ReligionPoliticsWar
Birth of Siddhartha Gautama
563 BC · Ancient World
CultureReligionPhilosophy
Bimbisara Establishes Magadha as a Major Power
c. 544 BCE · Ancient World
PoliticsEconomics
Pythagorean School and Number Theory
c. 530 BCE · Ancient World
MathematicsPhilosophy
Confucius Teaches Ethics, Governance, and Social Order
c. 551–479 BCE · Classical Antiquity
PhilosophyCulturePolitics
Iron Production at Meroe, Kingdom of Kush
c. 500 BCE - 350 CE · Classical Antiquity
TechnologyEconomicsEngineering
Buddha Attains Parinirvana (Death of Gautama Buddha)
c. 483 BCE · Classical Antiquity
CultureReligionPhilosophy
Socrates Develops Socratic Method
470 BC - 399 BC · Classical Antiquity
Philosophy
Law of the Twelve Tables
449 BC · Classical Antiquity
LawPhilosophy
Democritus and Leucippus Propose Atomic Theory
c. 430 BCE · Classical Antiquity
ChemistryPhilosophy
Hippocrates Establishes Medicine as a Rational Discipline
c. 400 BCE · Classical Antiquity
MedicinePhilosophy
Trial of Socrates
399 BC · Classical Antiquity
PhilosophyLaw
Plato's Republic Completed
375 BC · Classical Antiquity
ArtPoliticsPhilosophy
Aristotle's On the Heavens Defines Geocentric Universe
c. 350 BCE · Classical Antiquity
AstronomyPhilosophyPhysics/Cosmology
Death of Plato
348/347 BCE · Classical Antiquity
Philosophy
Alexander the Great becomes King
336 BC · Classical Antiquity
PoliticsPhilosophy
Death of Aristotle
322 BC · Classical Antiquity
Philosophy
Euclid's Elements
c. 300 BCE · Classical Antiquity
MathematicsPhilosophy
Edicts of Ashoka
250 BC · Classical Antiquity
CultureReligionLaw
Qin Shi Huang Mount Tai Ceremony
219 BC · Classical Antiquity
CulturePoliticsReligion
Edict of Augustus on Jewish Rights
1 CE · Classical Antiquity
CultureReligionLaw
Wang Mang's Usurpation and Xin Dynasty
9 CE · Classical Antiquity
PoliticsEconomicsCulture
Kujula Kadphises Unifies Yuezhi into the Kushan Empire
c. 30-80 CE · Classical Antiquity
PoliticsReligionEconomics
Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem
August 70 CE · Classical Antiquity
ArtCultureReligion
Ban Chao's Silk Road Missions
73-102 CE · Classical Antiquity
ExplorationWarPolitics
Cai Lun's Invention of Paper
105 CE · Classical Antiquity
TechnologyCultureEconomics
Bar Kokhba Revolt Crushed; Judaea Renamed Syria Palaestina
135 CE · Classical Antiquity
PoliticsWarReligion
Galen's Contributions to Medicine and Anatomy
c. 160-200 CE · Classical Antiquity
MedicineBiologyPhilosophy
Yellow Turban Rebellion
184-205 CE · Classical Antiquity
PoliticsReligionWar
Mayans - Classic Period
250 AD · Classical Antiquity
PoliticsEconomicsReligion
Aksumite Kingdom Introduces Indigenous Coinage
c. 270 CE · Classical Antiquity
EconomicsPoliticsCulture
Diocletian's Reforms
284-305 CE · Classical Antiquity
PoliticsEconomicsWar
Edict of Milan
February 313 CE · Classical Antiquity
ReligionPoliticsCulture
First Council of Nicaea
325 CE · Classical Antiquity
ReligionPoliticsCulture
Founding of Constantinople
May 11, 330 CE · Classical Antiquity
PoliticsCultureReligion
Ezana's Conversion and Christianization of Aksum
c. 325-350 CE · Classical Antiquity
ReligionPoliticsCulture
Council of Chalcedon
October 8 - November 1, 451 CE · Classical Antiquity
ReligionPolitics
Construction of Bamiyan Buddha Statues
c. 500-570 CE · Late Antiquity
ArtReligionCulture
Banana Cultivation Introduced to East Africa
c. 500 CE · Late Antiquity
AgricultureTechnologyCulture
Hagia Sophia Completed
532-537 AD · Late Antiquity
PoliticsReligion
Christianization of the Nubian Kingdoms
543-580 CE · Late Antiquity
ReligionCulturePolitics
Fall of Funan and Rise of Chenla
c. 550-600 CE · Late Antiquity
PoliticsCultureEconomics
Introduction of Buddhism to Japan
552 CE · Late Antiquity
ReligionCulturePolitics
The Birth of Muhammad
570 CE · Late Antiquity
CultureReligion
Constitution of Medina
622 AD · Late Antiquity
CultureLawPolitics
Muhammad's Hijra: Migration from Mecca to Medina
622 CE · Late Antiquity
ReligionPolitics
Muhammad's Conquest of Mecca and Cleansing of the Kaaba
January 630 CE · Late Antiquity
ReligionPoliticsWar
Death of Muhammad and the Rashidun Succession Crisis
June 8, 632 CE · Late Antiquity
ReligionPolitics
Establishment of the Islamic Hijri Calendar
638-639 CE · Late Antiquity
CultureReligionMathematics
Songtsen Gampo Embraces Buddhism
641 CE · Late Antiquity
ReligionPoliticsCulture
Taika Reforms
645-646 CE · Late Antiquity
PoliticsCultureEconomics
Sassanid Empire Falls to Arab Conquest
642-651 CE · Late Antiquity
WarReligionPolitics
Battle of Karbala: Martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali
October 10, 680 CE · Late Antiquity
ReligionWarPolitics
Umayyad Mosque Completed
715 · Late Antiquity
CultureReligion
Formation of the Four Schools of Islamic Law
c. 750-850 CE · Late Antiquity
LawReligionPolitics
Senegal River Gold Trade Route Established
c. 800 CE · Late Antiquity
EconomicsExploration
Borobudur Temple Constructed
c. 800 CE · Late Antiquity
ReligionEngineeringArt
Al-Shafi'i's Risala: Foundation of Islamic Legal Theory
c. 810-814 CE · Late Antiquity
LawReligionPhilosophy
Printing of the Diamond Sutra
May 11, 868 CE · Late Antiquity
TechnologyReligion
Paper Money Introduced in Song Dynasty China
c. 1024 · Medieval
EconomicsTechnology
Ibn Sina Completes the Canon of Medicine
1025 CE · Medieval
MedicinePhilosophy
Westminster Abbey Founded
December 28, 1065 · Medieval
PoliticsReligion
Al-Bakri Documents the Ghana Empire in the Book of Routes and Realms
1068 CE · Medieval
EconomicsCulturePolitics
First Crusade
1096 · Medieval
ReligionWar
Kilwa Sultanate Seizes Sofala, Controlling the Zimbabwe Gold Trade
c. 1185 CE · Medieval
EconomicsPoliticsWar
Saladin Recaptures Jerusalem from the Crusaders
October 2, 1187 CE · Medieval
ReligionWarPolitics
Ibn Rushd Critiques Ptolemaic Epicycles
c. 1190 CE · Medieval
AstronomyMathematicsPhilosophy
Fibonacci Publishes Liber Abaci, Introducing Hindu-Arabic Numerals to Europe
1202 CE · Medieval
MathematicsEconomics
Magna Carta Drafted
June 15, 1215 · Medieval
LawPoliticsPhilosophy
Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela Completed in Ethiopia
c. 1220 CE · Medieval
EngineeringReligionArt
Construction of The Alhambra Begins
1238 AD · Medieval
Religion
Rumi Encounters Shams of Tabriz and Begins Composing in Konya
c. 1244 CE · Medieval
CulturePhilosophyReligion
Construction of Great Zimbabwe
c. 1100-1450 CE · Medieval
EngineeringEconomicsCulture
Fall of Acre
1291 AD · Medieval
ReligionWar
Florence Bans Arabic Numerals and Zero from Official Documents
1299 CE · Medieval
MathematicsPoliticsEconomics
Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage to Mecca
1324–1325 CE · Medieval
PoliticsReligionEconomics
Timbuktu Becomes a Center of Islamic Learning
c. 1327 · Medieval
ReligionLanguageCulture
Ibn Battuta Visits Kilwa and Documents the Swahili Coast
1331 CE · Medieval
ExplorationCultureEconomics
Zheng He's Fleet Reaches East Africa
1418-1419 · Medieval
ExplorationEconomics
Construction of the Dome of Florence Cathedral
1420 · Medieval
ArtReligion
Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence
1431 · Medieval
ReligionPolitics
Gutenberg Printing Press
1439 AD · Medieval
TechnologyArtLanguage
Plethon Lectures on Platonic Philosophy in Florence
1439 · Medieval
PhilosophyReligion
Nicholas of Cusa Postulates an Infinite, Centerless Universe
February 12, 1440 · Medieval
AstronomyMathematicsPhilosophy
Fall of Constantinople
May 29, 1453 · Early Modern
PoliticsReligionWar
Songhai Empire: West Africa's Largest State
c. 1464–1591 · Early Modern
PoliticsCultureReligion
Spanish Inquisition Established
1478 · Early Modern
PoliticsReligion
Kingdom of Kongo Receives Portuguese Embassy and Converts to Christianity
1491 CE · Early Modern
PoliticsReligionCulture
Alhambra Decree
March 31, 1492 · Early Modern
PoliticsReligionLaw
Columbus Makes First Landfall in the Americas
October 12, 1492 · Early Modern
AgricultureEconomics
Founding of La Navidad Settlement
December 25, 1492 · Early Modern
PoliticsEconomics
Treaty of Tordesillas Divides the New World
June 7, 1494 · Early Modern
PoliticsExplorationReligion
Portuguese Forces Sack Kilwa, Breaking Swahili Coast Independence
July 24, 1505 · Early Modern
WarPoliticsEconomics
The Reformation begins
1517 AD · Early Modern
CulturePoliticsReligion
Magellan-Elcano Expedition Circumnavigates the Globe
1519-1522 · Early Modern
ExplorationEconomics
Suleiman the Magnificent Ascends to the Ottoman Throne
September 30, 1520 CE · Early Modern
PoliticsReligionWar
The Transatlantic Slave Trade Begins
c. 1526–1867 · Early Modern
EconomicsPoliticsCulture
Paracelsus Burns Avicenna's Canon at Basel
June 24, 1527 · Early Modern
MedicinePhilosophy
Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII
1536-1541 · Early Modern
ReligionPoliticsEconomics
Council of Trent Convened
1545 - 1563 · Early Modern
ReligionPolitics
Holy League Fleet Defeats Ottoman Navy at Lepanto
October 7, 1571 · Early Modern
WarPoliticsReligion
Gregorian Calendar Reform
February 24 - October 15, 1582 · Early Modern
MathematicsAstronomyReligion
Bruno Publishes 'On the Infinite Universe and Worlds'
1584 CE · Early Modern
Physics/CosmologyAstronomyPhilosophy
The Merchant of Venice Published
1596 AD · Early Modern
ArtCultureEconomics
Shah Abbas I Establishes Isfahan as the Safavid Capital
1598 CE · Early Modern
PoliticsArtEconomics
Hamlet First Performed
1600 AD · Early Modern
ArtPhilosophy
Giordano Bruno Executed for Heresy
February 17, 1600 · Early Modern
ReligionPhilosophyAstronomy
Don Quixote Published
January 1605 · Early Modern
ArtCultureLanguage
Jamestown is Founded
May 14, 1607 · Early Modern
PoliticsEconomics
Roman Inquisition Declares Copernican Theory Heretical
February 24, 1616 · Early Modern
ReligionAstronomyPolitics
Galileo Publishes Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems
February 22, 1632 · Early Modern
AstronomyPhysics/CosmologyReligion
Galileo's Trial and Recantation
June 22, 1633 · Early Modern
AstronomyReligionPhilosophy
Descartes and the Birth of Analytic Geometry
1637 · Early Modern
MathematicsPhilosophy
Peace of Westphalia
1648 CE · Early Modern
PoliticsLawReligion
Boyle Publishes The Sceptical Chymist
1661 · Early Modern
ChemistryPhilosophy
Age of Enlightenment Begins
1685 AD · Early Modern
ArtReligionPhilosophy
English Bill of Rights
1689 · Early Modern
CultureLawPolitics
English Bill of Rights Passed
1689 · Early Modern
CultureLawPolitics
Publication of Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding
1690 · Early Modern
Philosophy
Osei Tutu Unifies the Akan States and Founds the Asante Empire
c. 1701 CE · Early Modern
PoliticsEconomicsCulture
Commercium Epistolicum Published
January 1713 · Early Modern
MathematicsPhilosophy
Nader Shah of Persia Sacks Delhi and Seizes the Peacock Throne
March 1739 · Early Modern
WarPoliticsEconomics
Kant's Island Universes Theory
1755 CE · Early Modern
AstronomyPhysics/CosmologyPhilosophy
Catholic Church Lifts Ban on Heliocentric Works
1758 · Early Modern
AstronomyReligion
Bayes' Theorem
1763 · Early Modern
MathematicsPhilosophy
Eli Whitney Born
1765 · Early Modern
TechnologyAgricultureEconomics
Watt Patents the Improved Steam Engine
January 5, 1769 · Early Modern
TechnologyEngineeringEconomics
Boston Tea Party
December 16, 1773 · Early Modern
Economics
Gordon Riots in London
1780 · Early Modern
CultureReligion
Edmund Cartwright Invents the Power Loom
1784 · Early Modern
TechnologyEconomics
William Jones Proposes Indo-European Language Family
February 2, 1786 · Early Modern
LanguagePhilosophy
Storming of the Bastille
1789 AD · Early Modern
PoliticsPhilosophy
Declaration of the Rights of Man
1789 · Early Modern
CultureLawPolitics
U.S. Bill of Rights Ratified
December 15, 1791 · Early Modern
CultureLawPolitics
Cotton Gin Invented by Eli Whitney
1793 · Early Modern
TechnologyAgricultureEconomics
Godwin Publishes An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice
February 1793 · Early Modern
PhilosophyEconomics
Principle of Population Published
February, 1798 · Early Modern
BiologyEvolutionEconomics
Steam Powered Locomotive
1804 AD · 19th Century
TechnologyEconomics
Lewis and Clark Expedition Begins
May 14, 1804 · 19th Century
PoliticsEconomicsExploration
Congress bans import of slaves
1808 · 19th Century
PoliticsEconomics
Construction of the Erie Canal
1817-1825 · 19th Century
EngineeringEconomics
Johnson v. M'Intosh
February 24, 1823 · 19th Century
EconomicsLaw
Discovery of Gold in Cherokee Territory
1828-1829 · 19th Century
EconomicsExploration
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Published
1831 · 19th Century
ArtCultureReligion
Democracy in America
1835 · 19th Century
ArtCulturePolitics
Darwin Reads Malthus's Essay on Population
September 28, 1838 · 19th Century
BiologyEvolutionPhilosophy
First Opium War Begins; Start of China's Century of Humiliation
1839–1842 · 19th Century
WarPoliticsEconomics
Boolean Algebra
1847 · 19th Century
MathematicsPhilosophy
Publication of The Communist Manifesto
February 21, 1848 · 19th Century
PoliticsPhilosophy
Moby-Dick Published
1851 · 19th Century
ArtCultureLanguage
Wells Fargo & Company Founded
March 18, 1852 · 19th Century
EconomicsTechnology
Henry Bessemer Patents the Steel-Making Process
1856 · 19th Century
EngineeringTechnologyEconomics
Suez Canal Opens
November 17, 1869 · 19th Century
EngineeringEconomicsExploration
Cyrus Cylinder Discovered at Babylon
March 1879 · 19th Century
LawCultureReligion
Berlin Conference: Europe Partitions Africa
November 1884 – February 1885 · 19th Century
EconomicsPoliticsLaw
International Meridian Conference
October 22, 1884 · 19th Century
EconomicsTechnologyExploration
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad
May 10, 1886 · 19th Century
LawEconomicsPolitics
First Zionist Congress Convened in Basel
August 29–31, 1897 · 19th Century
PoliticsCultureReligion
Wright Brothers' First Flight
December 17, 1903 · 20th Century
TechnologyEconomics
The Great Migration Begins
c. 1910–1970 · 20th Century
CulturePoliticsEconomics
Panama Canal Opens to Commercial Traffic
August 15, 1914 · 20th Century
EngineeringExplorationEconomics
Completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway
October 1916 · 20th Century
EngineeringEconomicsExploration
February Revolution
Mar 8, 1917 · 20th Century
CulturePoliticsEconomics
Treaty of Versailles
June 28, 1919 · 20th Century
PoliticsWarEconomics
The Roaring 20s
1920 AD · 20th Century
Economics
The Great Gatsby Published
1925 · 20th Century
ArtCultureEconomics
The Great Depression Begins
October 24, 1929 · 20th Century
Economics
Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems
1931 · 20th Century
MathematicsPhilosophy
Indian Reorganization Act
1934 · 20th Century
CulturePoliticsEconomics
End of the Great Depression
1941-1942 · 20th Century
Economics
Bretton Woods Conference
July 1944 · 20th Century
EconomicsPolitics
Nuremberg Trials
1945 · 20th Century
EconomicsLaw
Japan Signs Surrender Instrument Aboard USS Missouri; Allied Occupation Begins
2 September 1945 · 20th Century
PoliticsEconomicsWar
Dead Sea Scrolls Found in Qumran Caves
Early 1947 · 20th Century
ReligionLanguageCulture
Joseph Campbell Publishes The Hero with a Thousand Faces
1949 · 20th Century
PhilosophyCultureArt
Computing Machinery and Intelligence Paper Published
1950 · 20th Century
TechnologyMathematicsPhilosophy
Dartmouth Conference — Artificial Intelligence Named as a Discipline
Summer 1956 · 20th Century
TechnologyMathematicsPhilosophy
Intl. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is Adopted
December 16, 1966 · 20th Century
CultureLawReligion
Deng Xiaoping Launches Reform and Opening Up
December 18, 1978 · 20th Century
PoliticsEconomicsCulture
Convention on the Rights of the Child is Adopted
November 20, 1989 · 20th Century
CultureLawEconomics
US Telecommunications Reform Act
February 8, 1996 · 20th Century
TechnologyPoliticsEconomics
Spotify Launches in Sweden
October 7, 2008 · 21st Century
Entertainment & MediaTechnologyEconomics
Bitcoin Genesis Block Created
January 3, 2009 · 21st Century
TechnologyEconomics
Launch of Namecoin
April 18, 2011 · 21st Century
TechnologyEconomics
AlphaGo Defeats Lee Sedol
March 9–15, 2016 · 21st Century
TechnologyPhilosophy
ChatGPT Launched
November 30, 2022 · 21st Century
TechnologyPhilosophyEconomics
Claude Publicly Launched by Anthropic
March 14, 2023 · 21st Century
TechnologyPhilosophy
GPT-4 Released — Frontier AI Race Begins
March 14, 2023 · 21st Century
TechnologyEconomicsPhilosophy
You
The Present · 21st Century
TechnologyCulturePolitics