After Russian forces withdrew from the Kyiv region in late March 2022, Ukrainian forces retook the suburb of Bucha on April 1. Journalists and officials documented hundreds of civilian bodies in streets, yards, and mass graves — many showing signs of torture, execution, and sexual violence. Satellite imagery confirmed the bodies had been present during the Russian occupation. The revelations shocked the world, triggered new waves of Western sanctions, prompted ICC war crimes investigations, and led to Russian suspension from the UN Human Rights Council. Russia denied responsibility. The Bucha massacre became the defining atrocity image of the war.