On January 3, 2020, a US MQ-9 Reaper drone strike ordered by President Donald Trump killed Iranian Major General Qasem Soleimani near Baghdad International Airport. Soleimani commanded the IRGC Quds Force, which directed Iranian proxy operations across the Middle East. Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, deputy of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces, was also killed. Trump ordered the strike without congressional notification, citing imminent threat. Iran retaliated on January 8 with ballistic missile strikes on Al-Asad Air Base in Iraq, injuring 110 US service members with traumatic brain injuries.