The Taj Mahal is a magnificent white marble mausoleum built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. Construction began in 1632, with the main mausoleum completed by 1648, and the entire complex, including gardens, gateway, and auxiliary buildings, was completed in 1653. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most iconic monuments in the world.