On February 29, 1968, the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders — chaired by Illinois Governor Otto Kerner — released its landmark report on the causes of the 1967 urban uprisings. The report concluded that the United States was "moving toward two societies, one Black, one white — separate and unequal," and identified white racism and discriminatory policing as root causes. It documented specific patterns of police misconduct, inadequate housing, unemployment, and institutional exclusion. President Johnson largely ignored its recommendations. The report remains a primary government document on structural racism in America.