Sui Dynasty Reunifies China

In spring 589 CE, the Sui dynasty under Emperor Wen (Yang Jian) conquered the Chen dynasty, completing China's reunification. Yang Jian launched a three-pronged military operation in winter 588, led by his son Yang Guang and generals Yang Su and Yang Jun. Sui forces crossed the Yangtze River and captured Jiankang (modern Nanjing), the Chen capital, defeating Emperor Chen Shubao. This ended approximately three centuries of political fragmentation in China. The Sui established a centralized imperial system and implemented reforms in government administration, Buddhist patronage, infrastructure development, and land distribution.