The Late Jurassic Period (163.5 to 145 million years ago) was characterized by diverse dinosaur fauna, including giant sauropods like Diplodocus and Brachiosaurus, as well as stegosaurs and carnivores like Allosaurus. The first birds evolved during this time, including Archaeopteryx. Significant fossil evidence from this period is preserved in the Morrison Formation in North America and the Solnhofen Limestone in Germany.