Indian Astronomical Texts Translated into Arabic (Zij al-Sindhind)

In 773 CE, an Indian delegation brought Sanskrit astronomical texts, including Brahmagupta's Brahmasphutasiddhanta, to Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur's court in Baghdad. Al-Mansur ordered Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Fazari and Yaqub ibn Tariq to translate these works into Arabic with assistance from Indian astronomer Kanaka. The translation, called 'Zij al-Sindhind,' introduced Indian numerical systems, trigonometric concepts, and astronomical calculations to the Islamic world. This knowledge transfer formed the foundation of Islamic astronomical knowledge and later influenced European scientific thought during the Renaissance.