GN-z11: Discovery of the Most Distant Galaxy

In 2016, astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope discovered GN-z11, a galaxy located 13.4 billion light-years away, dating back to just 400 million years after the Big Bang. It was the most distant galaxy ever observed at that time, with a spectroscopic redshift of z=11.1. Despite its early formation, GN-z11 was surprisingly bright and massive, challenging existing theories of galaxy formation. Later observations by the James Webb Space Telescope revealed it also contains one of the earliest known supermassive black holes in the universe.