Approximately 10^-35 seconds after the Big Bang, the universe expanded from subatomic size to larger than a grapefruit during a period called cosmic inflation. This expansion stretched space itself and amplified quantum fluctuations to cosmic scale, creating density variations that later formed galaxy clusters, stars, and planets. The BICEP2 Research Team detected evidence for this event in 2014 through patterns in cosmic microwave background radiation observed by the BICEP2 telescope.